Is It Required to Take a Test to Vote

You dont have to pass a test to vote in the United States, though the notion that voters should understand how the government works, or know the names of their own representatives, before being allowed to enter the voting booth is commonly held. The idea of requiring a test to vote is not as far-fetched as it might seem. Until recent decades, many Americans were forced to pass a test to vote. The discriminatory practice was banned under the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Civil Rights-era law banned discrimination through the use of poll taxes and the application of any test of device such as a literacy test to determine whether voters could take part in elections. The Argument in Favor of Requiring a Test to Vote Many conservatives have called for the use of a  civics test to decide whether Americans should be allowed to vote. They argue that citizens who dont understand how the government functions or cant even name their own congressman are not capable of making intelligent decisions about who to send to Washington, D.C., or their state capitols. Two of the most prominent supporters of such voter tests was Jonah Goldberg, a syndicated columnist and editor-at-large of the National Review Online, and conservative columnist Ann Coulter. They have argued that poor choices made at the polls impact more than just the voters who make them, but the nation as a whole. Instead of making it easier to vote, maybe we should be making it harder, Goldberg wrote in 2007. Why not test people about the basic functions of government? Immigrants have to pass a test to vote; why not all citizens? Wrote Coulter: I think there should be a literacy test and a poll tax for people to vote. At least one lawmaker has expressed support for the idea. In 2010, former U.S. Rep. Tom Tancredo of Colorado suggested that President Barack Obama would not have been elected in 2008 had there been a civics and literacy test in place. Tancredo said his support for such tests dated back to when he was in office. People who could not even spell the word vote or say it in English put a committed socialist ideologue in the White House. His name is Barack Hussein Obama, Tancredo said at the 2010 National Tea Party Convention. Argument Against Requiring a Test to Vote Voter tests have a long and ugly history in American politics. They were among many Jim Crow Laws used primarily in the South during segregation to intimidate and prevent black citizens from voting. The use of such tests or devices was banned in the Voting Rights Act of 1965. According to the group Civil Rights Movement Veterans, black citizens who wished to register to vote in the South were made to read aloud lengthy and complex passages from the U.S. Constitution: The Registrar marked each word he thought you mispronounced. In some counties, you had to orally interpret the section to the registrars satisfaction. You then had to either copy out by hand a section of the Constitution, or write it down from dictation as the registrar spoke (mumbled) it. White applicants usually were allowed to copy, Black applicants usually had to take dictation. The Registrar then judged whether you literate or illiterate. His judgement was final and could not be appealed. Tests given in some states allowed black voters only 10 minutes to answer 30 questions, most of which were complex and intentionally confusing. Meantime, white voters were asked simple questions such as Who is the president of the United States? Such behavior flew in the face of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution, which reads: The right of U.S. citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Gender Segments And Sex Groups During Childhood And Early...

Intro: Gender cleavage refers to the tendency for children of the same gender to self-segregate into two same-sex groups, male and female. This phenomenon appears to be a primary factor influencing social and cognitive development during childhood and early adolescence. The peer-reviewed article discussed in this paper focuses on gender cleavage in addition to age-related variances and sex differences during middle childhood. Peer-Review Article: The main point of the article is to analyze cross-sectional data from group preference surveys to determine sex and age-related differences in gender cleavage so that researchers can identify possible developmental aspects in gender cleavage for both boys and girls. Middle childhood gender cleavage studies based on the work of Moreno in 1953, are the foundation of this investigation. The article never clearly stated a hypothesis, but from reading the article, it is possible to make the assumption that researchers were interested in determining why children break up into same-sex groups during critical periods of childhood development and how gender and age play a role in this phenomenon (Smith et al., 2001). Data was collected from 299 students across three coeducational public schools in Australia in 2005. Children in grades 3-6 were the participants in this study. These schools were chosen because they represented diverse socioeconomic divisions, sizes, and school atmosphere and culture. 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Minorities Leaders Free Essays

How Do Various Minorities Leaders Differ In Their Leadership Approaches? To me, there are no differences between the leadership approaches of minorities and majorities leaders. The minorities’ leaders also have their own leadership style depending on their traits and circumstances like all other leaders in the world. Leaders perform their roles in a wide multiplicity of styles, such as autocratic, democratic, participatory, laissez-faire (hands off), etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Minorities Leaders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Frequently the leadership style depends on the state of affairs, together with the life cycle of the association. There are circumstances where the Laissez-Faire leadership style can be successful. The Laissez-Faire technique is generally only suitable when leading a team of greatly aggravated and accomplished people, who have created outstanding performance in the past. Once leader either from minorities or majorities has recognized that one’s team is convinced, competent and provoked, it is frequently most excellent to step back and let them get on with the assignment, since interference can cause bitterness and detract from their success. (Dessler, 2001) By handing over possession, a leader can authorize one’s group to attain their objectives. The autocratic leader controls team-members, using unilateralism to attain a singular goal. This approach to leadership in general results in submissive confrontation from team members and requires persistent force and route from the leader in order to get assignments finished. Commonly, an authoritarian leadership style is not a superior way to get the paramount performance from a group of people. (Bridges, 2000) There are, though, a few illustrations where an autocratic style of leadership may not be unsuitable. Some circumstances may call for imperative action, and in these situations an autocratic style of leadership may be finest. Additionally, most people are proverbial with autocratic leadership and consequently have fewer troubles accepting this style. The democratic leader either from minorities or majorities finalizes decisions by discussing with the team, despite the fact that still sustaining authority on the group. The democratic leader permits his team to make a decision how the assignment will be handled and who will carry out which assignment. In conclusion, there are no differences between the leadership approaches of minorities and majorities leaders, References Bridges, William, and Susan Mitchell Bridges, (Spring 2000), â€Å"Leading Transition: A New Model for Change† Leader to Leader. 16: 30-36. Dessler, Gary. (2001), Management, Leading People and Organizations in the 21st Century, (2nd ed.), New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.       How to cite Minorities Leaders, Essay examples

Out Of The Silent Planet Essay Example For Students

Out Of The Silent Planet Essay Out of the Silent PlanetC.S. Lewis produced a book that conveys vivid scenery, relatable characters, and a vague but detailed plot that gave rise to a novel with wonderful clarity.Out of the Silent Planet is an account of the voyage of Ransom, a linguist, who is kidnapped and taken to another planet, Malacandra (Mars).Where he learns that Thulcandra (Earth) is called the silent planet because there has been no communication from it in years.On the voyage there he is led to believe he will be sacrificed.Instead, the creatures that inhabit the other world reveal extraordinary secrets about the nature of man and the universe to him.Ransom is ultimately sent back to Thulcandra with the two earthlings who had kidnapped him. The book is told in such a way that tries to convince the reader that it actually happened, or at least could have happened, and it was able to convince me.As the character Ransom walked across England the reader felt as if beside him the whole way.When he visited Mars, even with the bizarre scenery it seemed so real. He saw nothing but colours colours that refused to form themselves into things.Moreover, he new nothing yet well enough to see it: you can not see things till you know roughly what they are.His first impression was a bright, pale world a water-coloured world out of a childs paint box.Lewis also has a gift for making strong points in his novel without making the reader feel guilty, because he uses such human characters that are filled with normal and relatable flaws.Even with the main characters name, Ransom he sends a message, because as you read this book, you will see how his name comes to play.This book is very involved and its not a book to be taken lightly. This is a book with a lot of inner meaning. It talks about the dark side of humanity.Filled with comedy, action, suspense and science fiction.But though its not a very long book, it really doesnt need to be. The plot was uncertain at times but overall was detailed enough to present the over all struggle of one mans journey through the cosmos.The transitions from one chapter to the next were very well organized.Through many weeks passes in the book, it seamed to flow into one seamless efficiently written story. The worst thing a reader could say is that they learned nothing from reading.If a person is going to spend time reading, they shouldnt be wasting their time.This is what makes this book so noteworthy.It was entertaining, yet it provided some insights never thought of.This book is well written, thought provoking, and exciting.Some really good food for thought but the plot cleaned up at the end a little too well, ending overly fabricated.Out of the Silent Planet is a sci-fi story with a difference.A criticism on the belief in interplanetary colonization, the title suggests aliens from a possibly hostile planet and yet the planet in the title is Earth.